International Perspectives of Festivals and Events addresses contemporary issues concerning the potential of festivals and events to produce economic, social, cultural and community benefits. Incorporating a range of international perspectives, the book provides the reader with a global look at current trends and topics, which have until now, been underrepresented by current literature.
International Perspectives of Festivals and Events includes a broad range of research, case studies and examples from well-known scholars in the field to form a unified volume that informs the reader of the current status of festivals and events around the world. In a fast-moving industry where new theory and practice is implemented rapidly, this is essential reading for any advanced student or researcher in festivals and events.

As the first collection of studies to explore the use of edutainment within festival experiences, this book extends current knowledge and understanding of festival experiences. Relying on a series of international case studies, this book offers readers unique and important insights that emphasise the benefit of edutainment activities for enhanced audience learning, engagement, and festival satisfaction. Although there is an ample amount of studies concerning festival experiences, as well as the use of edutainment within tourism, few have explored the use of edutainment within festival experiences. This oversight has created a lack in knowledge and understanding, despite the clear benefits of enjoyable learning experiences - edutainment. Moreover, it has created a gap between academia and practice, as the contributing authors have demonstrated, festivals are utilising edutainment to enhance their audience experience, yet scholars have failed to acknowledge this. In response to this oversight, the editors have assembled a carefully curated collection of chapters that include a wide range of international case studies, from science and food festivals to heritage and dark festivals. Through a variety of methodologies and methods, including interviews, observations, databases, netnography, and social media analysis in both face-to-face and digital interactions involving the festival participants, organisers, and other relevant stakeholders, the contributing authors have provided a well-rounded global perspective on how edutainment is applied within festival experiences. This book is valuable for scholars, festival organisers, policy makers and students interested in or studying festivals, events, edutainment and/or experience design. Other tourism industry scholars, professionals and students of, for example, visitor attractions, museums, theatre and hospitality services, may also find this book of value considering their established use of edutainment within their sectors.

In the hands of a skilled operator, ultrasound scanning is a simple and easy procedure. However, reaching that level of proficiency can be a long and tedious process. Commended by the British Medical Association, Practical Ultrasound, Second Edition focuses on the scans regularly encountered in a busy ultrasound department and provides everything practitioners need to know to become competent and skilled in scanning. See What's New in the Second Edition: *New chapters on breast, musculoskeletal, and FAST (focused assessment with sonography in trauma) ultrasonography *Revisions to original chapters incorporating up-to-date techniques and protocols Beginning with the general principles of ultrasound scanning and a guide to using the ultrasound machine, the book provides step-by-step instructions on how to perform scans supplemented by high-quality images and handy tips. Organized according to anatomical site, the chapters include a review section on useful anatomy, scan protocol presented step by step, and a section on common pathology. Maintaining the popular format of the previous edition, each chapter contains examples of common and clinically relevant pathologies and notes on the salient features of these conditions. The authors' precise approach puts an immense amount of knowledge within easy reach, making it an ideal aid for learning the practicalities of ultrasound.

Festival and Events Management: an international perspective is a unique text looking at the central role of events management in the cultural, tourism and arts industries. With international contributions from industry and academia, the text looks at the following: * Events & cultural environments * Managing the arts & leisure experience * Marketing, policies and strategies of art and leisure management Chapters include exercises, and additional teaching materials and solutions to questions are provided as part of an accompanying online resource.

Festival and Events Management: an international perspective is a unique text looking at the central role of events management in the cultural, tourism and arts industries. With international contributions from industry and academia, the text looks at the following: * Events & cultural environments * Managing the arts & leisure experience * Marketing, policies and strategies of art and leisure management Chapters include exercises, and additional teaching materials and solutions to questions are provided as part of an accompanying online resource.

In this research customer satisfaction and service quality have been considered as important factors for any organizations. However, empirical evidence concerning the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality, offered by organizations, has remained unclear. This research tested a service quality model SERVQUAL to measure customer satisfaction with the delivery of service. Communication and its influence on customer satisfaction also evaluated. It must be mentioned that the American Customer Satisfaction Index was used to measure the overall satisfaction of customer. Five main dimensions of the service quality model SERVQUAL which were applied are tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy and also the influence of communication on customer satisfaction is were tested during this survey. The model was applied to the customers who had previous experience from private hospitals on Penang Island. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to customer satisfaction in Penang's' private healthcare centers. The study helps to examine and understand the factors influenced in determining customer satisfaction.

One of the objectives of the study is to produce a framework of repatriate children's readjustment to the home country and to know about repatriates' readjustment process in term of their children readjustment. The framework of the present study can be a step stone on the framework of repatriate children's readjustment to the home country. There are many antecedents that are related to repatriate children's readjustment. However, individual-related factors of repatriate children are the main focus antecedents of the present study, which are clearly presented in the framework of the present study. Interesting findings are presented.

The present study examines the styles of negotiation among Iranian managers. Among the objectives of the study are: 1. To study the relationships between Iranian managers' multicultural personality characteristics (open-mindedness, cultural empathy, emotional stability, flexibility, and social initiative) with their negotiation skills. 2. To investigate whether Iranian managers' preparation before negotiations is related to their negotiation skills. 3. To examine whether Iranian managers' relationship building with foreign negotiators is a factor contributing to their negotiation skills. Interesting findings are presented in this book.

Level of education is one of the measures of nations' wealth. Good quality graduates who are knowledgeable, adaptable and versatile to a great extent promise a realization of the nations' vision. Thus, this has caused a need to have committed lecturers who are responsible to produce such graduates. As a result, these lecturers face role stressors in their workplace because there are many demands, expectations and workload that are at times unmanageable. The present study was carried out to examine the relationship between work role stressors and organizational commitment among public university lecturers. The questionnaires were distributed to the public university lecturers in Malaysia and out of 650 questionnaires distributed, 122 were returned. The major findings of the present study showed that role ambiguity and role conflict were the two role stressors that were negatively related to organizational commitment. It was also discovered that role ambiguity was the most dominant role stressor to organizational commitment. On the other hand, role overload was found insignificant to organizational commitment among lecturers.

Customer satisfaction has become an essence of success in today's highly competitive world. In service industry specifically, communication is vital to determine customer satisfaction. Past researches indicated that, most meaning of conversational messages comes from non-verbal communication. Therefore, this study intended to examine the relationship of non-verbal communication cues to customer satisfaction. A total of 210 hotel customers were sampled.They were evaluated on their perception on hotel employees' non-verbal communication behavior that would lead to their satisfaction to the services provided. The results illustrate that three (interpersonal warmth, attire and proxemics) of the non-verbal communication cues were significant and positively related to customer satisfaction. Proxemics was rated as the non-verbal communication cues that provided the most impact on customer satisfaction.

The present study was designed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence's dimensions of employees working in service companies located in Penang and their organizational citizenship behaviors as perceived by their current supervisors in organization and to examine whether job control moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence's dimensions and organizational citizenship behavior's dimensions. Hypotheses were tested with 104 respondents received from 2 organizations. Results indicated that the appraisal, expression, and regulation of emotions in oneself is the most important dimension for all OCB's dimension except for conscientiousness, it was found that the appraisal, expression, and regulation of emotions in others is the most important dimension. Also, it was found that job control only moderated the relationship between emotional intelligence's dimensions and helping behavior dimension. Implications and limitations are also discussed and recommendations are provided for future research.

This book is initiated to gain public attention in regard to a rule of thumb in creating effective interpersonal relation and communication. Flying issues covered are the importance of effective interpersonal relations and communication. Establishing and sustaining effective interpersonal relations and communication are crucial due to the differences in a cognitive, affective and behavioural system of human relationship. Therefore, this book perhaps gives a general idea on the chemistry between an individual with his/her surrounding.

This book examines the influence of positive affect, negative affect, perceptions of merger and acquisitions success and perceptions of communication regarding merger and acquisitions on organizational commitment after merger and acquisitions. Results indicated that positive affect, perceptions of merger and acquisitions success and perceptions of communications regarding merger and acquisitions were positively related to organizational commitment after merger and acquisitions. However, the study did not find any significant relationship between negative affect and commitment. Although many previous researches indicated that employees from the acquired firm would be less committed to the organization after merger and acquisitions compared to employees from the acquiring firm, the results of the study did not find any significant difference in the level of organizational commitment between the acquired bank's employees and the acquiring bank's employees. The implications of the study are beneficial to not only companies planning for merger and acquisitions, but also to those planning for major corporate restructurings and so forth.

Communication satisfaction is one of the key factors that leads an organization to achieve its objectives. The relationship between communication and communication satisfaction has been well established. However, other dimensions of communication and contribution of each of these dimensions on predicting employees' satisfaction at working place have not been studied. The present study has divided communication into a few dimensions and examined whether each dimension contributes to employees' satisfaction.

It is obvious that retention of loyal students as customers of educational institutions is desirable and profitable in business of these institutions. While not everyone will be comfortable using concepts from business to an issue in education, applying the loyal customer retention model to student retention in this book gives a unique perspective to the issue of student retention and provides an economic justification for implementing retention programs. This book develops a model that can be used to determine the key influencers of student retention by integrating both relationship marketing and educational concepts. English as Foreign Language (EFL) schools in Iran have been selected as the focus of the study. A comprehensive conceptual framework is developed which includes variables such as students' integration with peers, perceived quality of teacher-student interaction, and students' trust in staff, students' institutional commitment, and student retention. It was found that student's integration with peers, trust in staff, and students' institutional commitment have positive effect on student retention.

The rapid growth of radio broadcasting business in Indonesia imposes specific challenges on the development of competitive advantage.The radio stations are applying excellent and unique elements such as speed, mobility, learning ability, and individual or team work capabilities.It is an important source of competitive strength for radio station organizations that are concerned with growth and changes.Grounded by the Interactionist model of Individual Creativity (Woodman, Sawyer & Griffin, 1993), the book proposes a framework linking Indonesian radio station managers' Personality, Intrinsic motivation, Creativity-relevant personal characteristics, Leader-member exchange (LMX), and Creative performance.The book has managed to show the importance of Leader-member exchange and multiplicative nature among personal characteristics. A total of 283 operating managers of Indonesian radio stations participated in the present research. Data for all variables were collected through self- administered survey questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses posited in the present research.

Repatriation adjustment is widely researched in developed countries. This study intended to contribute to the Malaysian literature pertaining to this subject. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of individual variable (self- efficacy), job variables role clarity, role conflict, role discretion, and role novelty), organizational variable (social support), and non- work variable (culture novelty) on the three dimensions of repatriation adjustment psychological well-being, socio-cultural adjustment, and work adjustment). Data were collected from 104 Malaysian repatriates. It was found that external self- efficacy impacted on psychological well-being and work adjustment. In relationship between job variables with repatriation adjustment, only role conflict showed a negative relationship with psychological well-being. However, the present study was not able to support the relationship between social support and repatriation adjustment. For the non-work variable, it was found that only culture novelty--basic elements, had a negative relationship with psychological well-being.

This is a comprehensive study which covers worldwide respondents on expatriates' supportive experiences in order for them to adjust to the host country. The main purpose of the present study is to determine whether a significant relationship exist between support received from expatriates of the same country, support from expatriates of different country(ies), support from local nationals/staffs and support from parent company with psychological well-being, socio-cultural adjustment and work adjustment.

This book explores the dimensions of Cultural Traits and Heritage tourism in Penang. Penang is attractive to tourists because of its uniqueness, heritage and it is a cultural city with multi- racial ethnic population. Lack of knowledge and experience, combined with different interest may cause the tourism industry collapse. Cultural Traits and Heritage tourism is discussed as Penang's opportunity to create tourism platform where resources and market would be kept and at the same time, competition with other World Heritage Cities will be created. Cultural Traits and Heritage recently has become an important topic and concept to tourism development especially in Penang since Penang was awarded as the World Heritage City by UNSECO in July 2008. Hence, in this research, it proposes the links of self representation to current desired outcomes of Penang's distinctiveness and sustainability of Penang UNESCO award. At the same time, the model also tests how these outcomes influence the destination ability to meet tourists' expectations and how Penang should act in competing in the global heritage tourism industry.

General readjustment and well being of repatriates and spouses are some of the factors that make the repatriation process successful. Even though job factors are important, family members must be considered as one of the successful factors of readjustment.This study manages to indicate that repatriate spouses' readjustment to the home country is important for repatriates' own readjustment process. We found that repatriates' psychological well being is significantly related to their spouses' well being and general readjustment. We also found that there is a positive and significant relationship between repatriates' and their spouses' general readjustment. This book highlights that it is a must for repatriates to consider the success of readjustment process of their spouses when they return to home country. This is important since the readjustment process of their family members will lead to the success in their career. In general, we can conclude that, in every successful repatriate, there is his/her spouse who has been successfully readjusted to the home country.